Maxay Yihiin Dawooyinka Wakhtigan Loo Adeegsanayo Maaraynta COVID-19?

Majirto ilaa hada dawo loo ansixiyay in ay dawayn karto xannuunka COVID-19. Labada hay’adood ee ugu saamaynta badan marka dawooyinka cusub go’aan laga gaadhayo waa WHO iyo FDA, labaduna midna may ansixin dawo gaar ah. tallaalna hadalkiisaba daa. Hasayeeshee, waxa jira in ka badan 70 dawo oo ilaa hada lagu tijaabiyay dadka xannuunkan qaba bal in ay wax uu ka dheefaan iyo bidhbidhiso loo saaro. dawooyinka rajada wayn laga qabo in ay sifiican wax uga taraan COVID-19 oo si kumeel gaadh ah loo adeegsado inta xog dhamays tiran laga helaayo waxa ka midd ah dhowrka aynu maqaalkan ku faaqidi doono. Dawooyinkan waxa ugu muhiimsan kuwa dabra shaqada Interleukin 6 iyo saaxiibadeed. 

Tocilizumad iyo Sarilumab:

16 kii Maarso 2020, ayaa shirkada maraykanka ah ee Sonofi and Regeneron, waxay bilowday tijaabin derejada 2/3 ah oo lagu samaynayo dawada Sarilumab (kevsara) ee dabarta shaqada Interleukin 6. Shirkad kale oo layidhaa Genenteck ayaa iyaduna waxay wadaa tijaabo ay ku samaynayso dawado kale (tocilizumab) oo iyaduna dabarta shaqada Inteleukin 6 oo sida caadiga ah lagu maareeyo xannuunka Rheumatoid arthritis iyo Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) oo labaduba ah xannuuno difaaca jidhka ku dhaca. Tijaabadan oo wajigii saddexaad maraysa aya lagu eegayaa bal sida loogu adeegsan karo xannuunka COVID-19: xadiga qofku qaadan karo, dhibaatooyinka kale ee dawada lafteeda ka dhalan kara iyo sida ay u saamayn karto soo kabashada qofka ee mudada dheer.

Tijaabo kale oo tayadeedu hoosayso, dadka ka qayb galayna ay aad u koobnaayeen (21 bukaan ah) oo lagu qiimeeyay dawadan Tocilizumab oo ay sameeyeen dhakhaatiir shiine ah ayaa waxay tilmaantay in dawadani ay aad u caawisay dadkaan u bukay COVID-19. Hasayeeshee, tijaabadan oo aan buuxsan shuruudihii looga baahnaa darteed lama wada aamini karo natiijada ay soo saartay. Ujeedadu tijaabooyinkan laga leeyahay waxa weeye in la helo dawo si gaar ah u dabarta wayraxa Interleukin 6 iyo asxaabteeda isla markaana aan wada qafilin shaqada difaaca jidhka oo dhan. Waxa la raadinayaa faro-qabsi si gaar ah loogu liishaamo cytokine-storm ka, laakin aan waxaba u dhimin difaaca guud ee jidhka oo ah mid loo baahan yahay.

Corticosteroids:

Dawooyinka Corticosteroid waa dawooyin si balaadhan loogu adeegsado caafimaadka. Waa dawooyin lagama maarmaan u ah tobanaan xannuun iyo xaalado badan oo marka xaalku cakirmo waxa loo eeradaa dhanka isteroydh-ka. Nidaamka ay u howl galaan waxa weeye waxay dejiyaan difaaca jidhka marka uu shaqadiisa ka badbadiyo ee uu cartamo. Talada ay soo saartay hay’ada caafimaadka aduunka iyo FDA waxa ka mid ah in aan loo adeegsan xannuunka COVID-10.

God-daloolooyinka Corticosteroid waxa ka mid ah, ma kala reebaan noocyada difaaca jidhka ee way wada dabraan; taasina waxay keentaa in unugyada qaar loogu baahan yahay si xannuunka looga guulaysto ay demiyaanba. Taasina qorfii bukaanka ahaa dhib kasoo gaadho. Sidoo kale, hadii dawooyinkan xadi aad u wayn laga qaato mudo kooban gudaheeda waxay dhaawac gaadhsiin karaan xubno kale oo muhiim ah. Intaa waxa dheer, Corticosteroid-ka hore ayaa loogu tijaabiyay fayrasyo SARS-CoV-2 shabaha oo qaarkood la qoys yihiin, waxaana la xaqiijiyay in aanay waxba ka tarin infakshanka sanbabka ee fayrasyadu keenaan.

Hydroxychloroquine:

Dawada loogu hadal haynta badan yahay dawooyinka ilaa hada lagula tacaalayo COVID-19, qiimo ahaana ugu jaban waa dawada Hydroxychloroquine. Dawadan oo sida la yaqaan lagu daweeyo xannuunka duumada iyo xannuunada roomatiisamka ayaa noqotay mid rajo buuran lagu xidho, ilaa aynu ognahay in madaxwayne Trump uu ku sheegay dawo belo ka dhacday oo aad u fiican!. Waxa muhiim ah in la ogaado, ilaa hada ma jirto cilmi-baadhis dhamaystirantay oo cadaynaysa in dawadani faa’iido u leedahay dawaynta COVID-19 iyo inkale. Waxa socda cilmi-baadhiso, ta ugu wayn oo loo bixiyay “Solidarity” waxa hogaaminaysa WHO, waxaana lagu baadhayaa dhowr dawo oo Hydroxychloroquine-tuna ka mid tahay.

Wararka la isla dhex marayo ee la leeyahay dawadani fayraskan waxbay ka tari kartaa waxa lagu salaynayaa cilmi-baadhis shaybaadhka lagu sameeyay (In vitro trails) oo aan dad la adeegsan (In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus replication by chloroquine. Virol J. 2006;3:39).  ayaa muujisay in dawooyinka Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine ay leeyihiin awood ay ku dabri karaan fayraska SARS-CoV-2. Waxa iyaduna jirta cilmi-baadhis faransiis ah (Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents).  oo itaal daran, si halhaleel ahna loo sameeyay oo aan lagu dabaqin xeerarka caalamiga ah ee cilmi-baadhisaha ayaa iyaduna tilmaantay waxaa horumar oo ay dawadani keentay. sidaa darteed lama hayo xog rasmi ah oo taageeraysa ama burinaysa in dawadani wax ka tari karto COVID-19.

Waxa jira macluumaad hore loo hayay oo sheegaya in dawadani leedahay awood waxoogaa ah oo ay ku yarayn karto guud ahaan tarmidda fayrasyada. hadaba, maxay yihiin xogta hore loo hayay ee qaar ka mid ah culimada caafimaadku ay cuskanayaan.? Marka koobaad, dawadani waxay kor u qaadaa PH ka unuga dhexdiisa taasi oo yaraysa aysiidhnimada unuga, isbedelkaas ay ku keentay deegaankii unuga ayaa fayrasyo dhowr ah iyo  jeermiska kaneecada keenaba caqabad ku noqday. Sababta oo ah fayrasyo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin qoyska coronaviruses ayaa jecel inay ku tarmaan deegaan aysiidhiisu sarayso.

Laakin qofkasta oo dawadan xiise u qabaa waa in uu ogaado, dawadani waa dawo amaankeedu aad u yaryahay (narrow safety margin). Waa dawo hadii ay inyar ka kormarto xadkii loogu talo galay dhimasho keeni karta. Intaas waxa dheer waa dawo keenta liis aad u dheer oo mashaakil ah. Waxay dhaawac u gaysataa wadnahay oo ay garaaciisa khalkhal geliso (arrhythmias), waxay taabata maskaxda oo ku keento gariir suuxdinta oo kale ah (convulsions); shuban, uur kujirta oo qofka xannuunta (abdominal pain), madax-xannuun (severe headache), finan iyo maqaarka oo qofka ka hoora (skin rush and desquamation), iyo araga oo taga (vision disorder and retinopathy), intaas oo dhan ayay keentaa. Intan aynu taxnay waa kuwa ugu caansan, laakin waxa jira dhibaatooyin kasii culus oo ay dawadani keento.

Gebagebo

Sidaa darteed, waxa dadkeena la gudboon in aanay intay iska shakiyaan aanay is odhan waa tii lasheegayay in ay wax tarto dawadniye bal tijaabi, oo aanay noloshooda khatar gelin. Farmasiiyada dawadan hayaa waa in aanay dawada ka iibin dadka caadiga ah ee iska socda; waa in dhakhtar uun qofka uqoro hadii loo baahdo.

Hadiiba mudada dhow la helo dawo fiican oo lagu xakameeyo COVID-19, waxa hadana jira caqabado farsamo iyo kuwo dhaqaale oo is hortaagi kara in dawadaasi dad badan oo u baahan gaadho. 400 mg oo dawada Tocilizumad ah waxay suuqa maraykan ka joogtaa $2765 (average wholesale price), halka 360 mg ay suuqa ingiriiska ka joogaan  $2078. Hadii bukaanku u baahdo in uu todobaad ama wax ka badan qaato dawada waad suurayn kartaa lacagta loo baahan doono. Dawada hore ee Sarilumad (Kevsara) waabay kasii qaali santay (2 prefilled syringes oo ah 150mg/1.4ml) waxay suuqa kaga qiimaysan tahay 1,670 dollar. Waxa iswaydiin mudan sidee dawadan loo wada gaadhsiin karaa dunida fayrasku aafeeyay, wadama faqiirka ah, sida dalkeeda iyo inta badan wadama afrika, maxaa la gudboon. Masidii dawooyinka HIV/AIDS ayaynu sugnaan tobanaan sano inta dawooyinku qiimo jabayaan ee kadibna la inoogu deeqayo, inta ka horaysana waynu iska aasanaa mayd keena.