Sidee Soonku Jidhkeena uga caawin karaa iska Caabinta Xannuunada Sida COVID-19?.

Yoshinori Ohsumi waxa uu sanadkii 

2016 qaatay abaalmarinta Nobel ee 

physiology or medicine cilmi-baadhista

 uu kusameeyay Autophagy darteed.      

Faa’iidooyinka ruuxiga ah iyo kuwa jidhku ka helo soonka aad ayay u tiro badan yihiin. Soonka guud ahaan, gaar ahaan bisha ramadaan, xikmadaha ku jiraa waa qaar aad u qoto dheer oo aynaan guntooda wada gaadhi karin. Waxa aynu maqaalkan ku faalayn doonaa faa’iidooyinka caafimaad ee soonka iyo sida uu inooga caawin karo soonku ka hortaga iyo iska caabinta xannuuno tiro badan oo uu ka mid yahay COVID-19.

Unugyada kala duwan ee jidhkeenu, mid kasta waxa ka dhex socda falgalo aan tiro lahayn: barootiino ayuu burburiyaa, qaar kale ayuu dhisaa, oksajiin ayuu gubaa si uu tamar uga sameeyo, Isla gubidaas waxa ka dhasha walxo sun ah oo looyaqaan “oxygen free radicals” oo ay daruuri tahay in degdeg unuga looga saaro. Unugyada jidhkeenu karbon ayay abuuraan, aysiidh ayay dhaliyaan, jeermid ili-ma qabatay ah (fayras iyo bakteeriya) ayuu unugu liqaa oo uu ridqaa, qashinkoodana uu u baahan yahay in uu tufo. Mararka qaarkood unugyadu si qaldan ayay tarmaan waxaana loo baahdaa in unugaa sida qaldan u samaysmay degdeg loo burburiyo si aanu usii tarmin isagoo iin leh.

Hadii aan qashinkaas kala duwan unuga laga saarin wuu buux dhaafayaa, kadibna hab-sami u shaqayntiisii ayaa khalkhal gasha. Xannuuno ay ka mid yihiin kansar, dhiig kar, macaan, alsahaymar, iyo dhaawac soo gaadha maskaxda iyo neerfayaasha ayaa ka dhalan kara qashinkaas ku ururay unugyada.

Waxaas oo dhan si uu isaga nadiifiyo isuna cusboonaysiiyo, mar labaad dhalin yaro u noqdo ayaa unugyadu waxay maraan howl-gal loo yaqaan Autophagy.

Autophagy waxa lagu qeexaa "A process of cellular housekeeping in which cells maintain themselves by degrading faulty organelles or accumulated proteins and recycling metabolites” Nature methods Journal- autophagy: eat thyself, sustain thyself.

Jiritaanka in unugyada jidhkeenu is nadiifiyaan isna cusboonaysiiyaan “autophagy” waxa la haahfuray 1960-nadii qarnigii tegay. hasayeeshee cilmi-baadhis lagu sameeyay way koobnayd sababta oo ahayd koobnaanta aqoonta molecular technology. Sanadihii 1980kii iyo bilowgii sagaashanaadka saynis yahan udhashay jaban oo la yidhaa Dr Yoshinori Ohsumi ayaa u banbaxay daraasadaynta mowduucan.   Dr Ohsumi waxa uu ogaaday in hide-sideyaasha ka mas’uulka ah howl-galka autophagy laga helo nooleyaal badan oo ay ka mid yihiin yiista, bakteriyada, iyo dadka. Autophagy faa’iidadiisa waxa ka mid ah in ay jidhka ka ilaaliyo khatarta ka dhalata caabuqyada, inflamation-ka, kansarka, asaasaqa (dimentia), iyo xanuunada kale ee maskaxda ku dhaca ee Parkinsonism ku ka mid yahay.

Dr Yoshinori Ohsumi iyo kooxdii la shaqaynaysay waxay ogaadeen in hadii qofku cuntada ka afxidhnaado (soomo) laba iyo toban ilaa 18 saacadood taasi istaadho howl-galka autophagy. Waana sababta, ayay yidhaahdeen, dadka joogteeya soonku uga caafimaad badan yihiin ugna cimri dheer yihiin dadka kale. Xogtaas ay heleen waxa sii xoogaynaya cilmi-baadhiso aad u tiro badan oo xaqiijinaya in soonku wanaajiyo xakamaynta sonkorta dhiiga; yareeyo infalamayshanka ku dhaca nudaha, in uu yareeyo miisaanka, iyo in uu fiicnaysiiyo shaqada maskaxda iyo gabowga degdega ah.

Cilmi-baadhis ay soo saareen khubaro ka tirsan xarunta daraasadaynta autophagy “Centre for Autophagy Research” oo hoos tagta jaamacada Texas Southwestren Medical Centre, laguna faafiyay Journal ka wayn ee Nature kuna saabsan jimicsiga iyo gaajadu saamaynta ay ku leeyihiin howl-galka autophagy (Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis) ayaa waxay sheegtay in isgaajaysiinta saacado badan ay istaadho nidaam unugyada jidhka (body cells) iyo unug-yarayaasha (cell organelles) kasifeeya sunta ka dhalata falgalada ka dhex dhaca. Nidaamkan oo loo yaqaan “autophagy” ayaa dardar geliya ka faa’iidaysiga jidhka ee insuliinta, dhimidda miisaanka, iyo dib u cusboonaysiinta unugyada dhaawacma, si looga hortago kansarada iyo xannuunada maskaxda.

Cilmi-baadhis kale (role of autophagy in alcohol and drug induced injury) oo February 2020 lagu faafiyay journal ka Food and chemical toxicology ayaa iyaduna waxay kusoo gunaanadaysaa baadhitaankeeda in “autophagy” uu yareeyo khatarta beerka kaga iman karta khamriga xad-dhaafka ah iyo dhaawaca uu keeno hadhaaga dawooyinku. “Autophagy” isagoo adeegsanaya farsamo aad u kakan waxa uu unugyada beerka ka saaraa maytakondariyada dhaawacantay (damaged mitochondria), iyo dufanka dheeraadka ah. Faa’iidada kale ee aan la halmaami karin waxa weeye autophagy waxa uu jidhka ka saaraa unugyada difaaca ee daalay (dysfunctional and damaged immune cells) taasi waxay dariiqa u xaadhaa in unugyo cusub oo difaaca ah la sameeyo; taasina waxay dardar gelisaa difaaca jidhka waana sababta soonku u xoojiyo difaaca jidhka.

Ivan Dikic oo ah agaasimaha guud ee Institute of Biochemistry II ee hoos yimaada Geothe University, Frankfort oo machadkiisu baadhitaan ku waday autophagy-ga toban kii sano ee lasoo dhaafay ayaa yidhi,isagoo aad ugu muraaqaysan howl-galka autophagy; “waxaa la yaab leh sida unugyada jidhkeenu awooda ugu leeyihiin in ay wakhti aad u kooban iska nadiifiyaan qashin khatar ku ah noloshooda oo aad u badan.” Waxa uu raaciyay “xannuuno badan oo halis ah ayaa uu inaga horjoogaa autophagy-gu; garanna maayo isaga la’aantii sida jidhkeenu noqon lahaa.” “Autophagy is a strategy for cellular self-fortification, but it is also a balance” autophagy-gu waa qorshe unugu uu isku waardiyeeyo, laakiin ,sidoo kale, waa dheeli tire, ayuu Mr Ivan Dikic ku tiraabay.

Hadaba sidee ayuu soonku u istaadhaa howl-galka “autophagy”. Marka qofku saacado ama maalmo ku joogo cunto la’aan waxa hoos u dhaca sonkortii iyo tamarkii kale ee unugyadu ay helayeen.si unugyadu ugu shaqeeyaan xaaladan adag ee soo foodsaartay, unugyada jidhkeenu waxay dib u isticmaalaan qurub kii kasoo hadhay barootiino hore u burburay “ protein particles recycling”, wixii unugyadu ay dib u isticmaali kariwaayaan dibada ayay isaga saaraan si ay u yareeyaan tamarta kaga baxaysa kaydintooda, waxaa la odhan karaa waa unugyadii oo tashiilanaya isla markaana dib u dhayaya wixii dhaawac soo gaadhay.

Ilaa hada, arinta la hubo in ay istaadhi karto autophagy waa soonka ama isgaajaysiinta, waa sida ay jecel yihiin in ay ugu yeedhaane. Waxaana laga fikirayaa bal in la hindisi karo dawooyin sida soonka u istaadhi kara nidaamkan autophagy. Waxa kale oo la is waydiinayaa waa kuwee unugyada ugu badan ee autophagy- uu ka dhacaa; tolow unugyada jidhka oo dhan muyuu ka dhacaa mise qaar ayaa si gaar ah usii firfircoon. Waxa lagu rajo wayn yahay in daraasadaha socdaa ay midho dhalaan oo xili aan fogayn aynu ogaano sidii faragelin togan loogu samayn kari lahaa autophagy-ga iyo in la ogaado sida falgaladiisu u dhacaan; taasi oo awood inoo siin doonta in aynu wax wayn ka qabano xanuunada faraha badan ee hada lala daalaa dhacayo. Waxa inala gudboon in aad soonka joogtayno si aan u ilaashano fayoqabkeena jidheed iyo maskaxeedba.